International Freight Guide: Prices, Documents and Transit Times to 14 Countries

What Is International Freight?

International freight is the commercial transport of goods and personal effects between two or more countries by road, sea, air or rail. Thanks to Turkey's geographic position, direct road access to both European and Asian markets is available. Gökay Transport, since 2010 operating from its Istanbul base, has provided uninterrupted road freight services to 14 countries without interruption. Among international freight companies, we are a trusted logistics operator holding an L2 licence, CMR insurance and GPS tracking on all vehicles.

In this guide you will find international freight rates, required documents, transit times and criteria for choosing the right carrier. Visit our Services page to see the full scope of what we offer. From the Balkans to the Caucasus, and from Western Europe to Central Asia, we provide a one-stop solution for all your international transport needs. For those searching for overseas freight carriers, we have brought together European freight rates, sector-specific solutions and documentation processes in this comprehensive guide.

International Freight Rates 2026

International freight rates vary by route, cargo volume, transport type and season. The table below shows the estimated 2026 LTL and FTL price ranges for 14 countries. Overseas freight rates and international TIR freight rates — we offer the industry's most transparent price table.

Important Note: The above overseas freight rates are estimated values for 2026. The actual price depends on cargo volume, weight, packaging type and seasonal demand. During summer months, freight rates may rise by 10–15%. European freight rates can be advantageous on certain routes thanks to EU customs union agreements. We recommend requesting a current, personalised quote.

Sector-Specific Freight Rates

Rates vary by cargo sector. Textile freight requires garment-on-hanger or flatbed trailers; full details are available on our specialist textile freight solutions page. Among international refrigerated freight carriers, we offer bespoke quotes for refrigerated transport rates with our ATP-certified vehicle fleet. International household moving rates range from 1.600-6.000 EUR depending on volume.

For current rates and a personalised quote for your destination, get a free quote via WhatsApp.

How Do Overseas Freight Rates Fluctuate?

Overseas freight rates do not remain constant throughout the year. In January–March, lower demand can make rates 5–10% more favourable. April–June marks the start of export season, when European freight companies experience peak volumes. July–August sees a driver shortage across Europe during the holiday period, and rates may increase by 10–15%. September–November is the busiest export period for textiles and food. In December, year-end closing shipments push up freight charges.

International cargo costs are advantageous on a per-pallet basis when choosing LTL. An average freight cost of 1 pallet runs around 150-300 EUR, while for 10 pallets and above, unit cost decreases. Full TIR overseas freight rates vary by trailer type: a standard curtainsider is the most economical option, while a refrigerated trailer costs 30–50% more, and a lowbed costs 50–80% more.

How International Freight Rates Are Calculated

How are international freight rates calculated? The process involves three key steps:

1. Cargo Dimensions and Packaging: Determine your cargo's gross weight (kg), volume (m3 or number of pallets) and packaging type. The LDM (loading metre) calculation is the decisive factor in full TIR pricing.
2. Route and Delivery Terms: Clarify the origin and destination, and the Incoterms delivery basis (EXW, DAP, DDP, etc.). Freight cost naturally increases with distance.
3. Approach a Freight Company: Share your cargo details with the carrier and compare options. Evaluate both LTL and full TIR alternatives.

Sharing accurate information at every step ensures you receive the most competitive rate.

8 Factors That Affect Freight Rates

5 Ways to Reduce Your Freight Costs

1. Choose LTL: For shipments under 10 pallets, use part-load (LTL) transport to reduce your freight cost by 40–60%.
2. Plan early: Notify us at least 7 days in advance; avoid last-minute surcharges.
3. Pack correctly: Improper packaging increases the risk of damage and the cost of insurance.
4. Set up a regular shipment agreement: We offer special discounts to customers who commit to monthly or weekly recurring loads.
5. Backhaul advantage: By planning two-way import/export transport, you can reduce unit costs. For a detailed decision guide, see our full TIR vs LTL comparison guide page.

Send us your cargo dimensions and we'll find the most cost-effective option together: get a quick quote or +90 533 302 33 10.

International Freight Methods

How is international freight handled? The choice of transport mode depends on the nature of the cargo, urgency and budget. Gökay Transport road freight focused, but also coordinates multimodal solutions across all modes.

International Road Freight (TIR Transport)

Road transport accounts for over 70% of Turkey's foreign trade volumes. Among road freight companies and international TIR carriers, Gökay Transport stands out with its door-to-door delivery advantage. Key strengths of road transport:

• Door-to-door direct delivery — no transhipment required
• LTL and FTL options for flexible volume planning
• 1–10 days fast transit times
• Border crossing expertise and customs clearance support

For a detailed comparison, see our full TIR vs LTL comparison guide.

Refrigerated (Cold Chain) Freight

International refrigerated freight is the transport of temperature-sensitive products in ATP-certified vehicles. -25°C to +25°C temperature-controlled transport. Cold chain integrity for food, pharmaceutical and chemical products is monitored via GPS temperature logging. For full details, visit our refrigerated transport guide page.

Sea Freight and Air Freight

Sea freight offers a cost advantage for large-volume and heavy cargo. 20ft container at 4.000-8.000 USD, 40ft container at 7.000-12.000 USD — these are the price ranges. Transit time 15–45 days.

Air freight is the preferred option for urgent and high-value cargo. 100 kg of cargo 500-1.500 EUR freight charge range. Transit time 1–3 days.

Transport Mode Comparison

Full TIR or LTL?

Below 10 m3 LTL is more economical; above 30 m3 full TIR is the better choice. For a detailed analysis, see our full TIR vs LTL comparison guide page.

Gökay Transport Service Network: Freight to 14 Countries

Among international freight companies, Gökay Transport operates weekly scheduled services to 14 countries across four main routes. Our Istanbul-based international freight operations cover collections from across all of Turkey.

Balkans Route

The Balkans are Turkey's first gateway to Europe. Kapıkule border crossing offers the fastest delivery times in this region.

• Bulgaria: LTL from 200 EUR, full TIR 1.800-2.500 EUR, transit 1–2 days. Bulgaria freight rates page has full details.
• Romania: LTL from 200 EUR, full TIR 2.200-3.200 EUR, transit 2–3 days. Click for Romania freight details.
• North Macedonia: LTL from 250 EUR, full TIR 2.000-2.800 EUR, transit 2–3 days. See our North Macedonia freight rates page.
• Kosovo: LTL from 400 EUR, full TIR 2.200-3.000 EUR, transit 2–3 days. Click for our Kosovo freight services.
• Albania: LTL from 300 EUR, full TIR 2.500-3.500 EUR, transit 3–4 days. Albania freight route page has full details.

Caucasus Route

• Georgia: Sarp border crossing, LTL from 300 $, full TIR 1.500-2.200 $, transit 1–2 days. Georgia freight rates page.
• Armenia: Full TIR 1.800-2.500 EUR, transit 2–3 days. Get information about our Armenia freight service.

Western Europe Route

European freight companies — our busiest routes:

• Germany: Turkey's number-one export market. Full TIR 3.500-4.500 EUR, transit 5–7 days. Weekly guaranteed-departure services. Our Germany freight page and current Germany freight rates for details.
• Italy: Ro-Ro and road combination, 3.200-4.500 EUR, transit 4–6 days. Our Italy freight route page has full details.
• Greece: Our EU neighbour. Full TIR 1.200-2.500 EUR, transit 1–3 days. İpsala border crossing for fastest delivery. Click for our Greece freight service.
• France and Netherlands: Full TIR 3.200-5.000 EUR range. Request a quote for detailed pricing.

Russia and Central Asia Route

• Russia: Moscow route, full TIR 4.500-6.500 $, transit 7–10 days. Russia freight guide page has full details.
• Central Asia: Services to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan routes are arranged on request.

International freight from Ankara and Izmir — we organise collections from all of Turkey. For detailed information on your specific route, message us on WhatsApp.

Documents Required for International Freight

International freight documentation — the following documents are mandatory for road transport:

Special Documents for EU Routes

For shipments to EU countries, the ATR movement certificate provides customs duty exemption. T1 transit document enables duty-free transit within EU borders. These documents are mandatory on Germany, Italy, Greece and France routes. Comprehensive customs procedures guide — all steps explained on our page.

Full List of Export Documents

Additional documents may be required depending on your industry: health certificate for food exports, dangerous goods declaration for ADR shipments, inventory list for personal effects. All 12 documents required for export in one place: full export documents list page.

Need help preparing your documents? Our customs consultant will guide you. Message us on WhatsApp or +90 533 302 33 10.

Sector-Specific Freight Solutions

We offer tailored freight solutions aligned with Turkey's export sector mix. Each industry has its own packaging, temperature and transport requirements.

Textile Export Freight

Turkey 26 billion $ — the world's fifth-largest textile exporter. Garment-on-hanger transport, crease-free delivery of clothing collections and fashion-calendar pressure are the special demands of this sector. We provide professional solutions with flatbed or hanging-rail vehicles. Specialist textile freight solutions guide has all sector-specific details.

Food Export and Refrigerated Freight

36,4 billion $ in food exports — the most sensitive sector requiring cold chain integrity. Fresh fruit and vegetables, dairy products and frozen food are safely transported in our ATP-certified refrigerated vehicles. Capacity is planned according to seasonal product calendars. Refrigerated transport rates page for full details.

Other Sectors

• Automotive parts: Palletised and packaged transport, JIT (just-in-time) delivery
• Furniture: Bulky loads, protective packaging, out-of-gauge checks
• Marble and natural stone: Weight-focused transport, specialist securing, lowbed may be required
• Machinery and equipment: Lowbed, out-of-gauge permits, project cargo

Among international freight companies, sector expertise makes the difference. Selecting the right vehicle and equipment for your cargo type, correct packaging and route planning optimises costs while guaranteeing damage-free delivery.

Contracts and Liability: CMR and Incoterms

International freight contracts rest on two core frameworks: CMR Convention governs carrier liability, while Incoterms determines how costs and risks are allocated between buyer and seller. Confusing these two concepts is one of the most common mistakes made.

CMR Agreement and Insurance

CMR insurance is the convention governing carrier liability for international road freight. Compensation limit per kilogram 8,33 SDR (approximately 11 EUR) as fixed. Gökay Transport carries out all shipments under CMR insurance coverage. For high-value shipments, All Risks cargo insurance is also available.

International freight insurance — for detailed information, visit our detailed freight insurance guide page.

Incoterms 2020 Table

International Door-to-Door Household Moving

International door-to-door household moving is one of the most sought-after services for individuals relocating abroad. Gökay Transport manages the entire personal effects transport process from door to door.

Process: Survey and inventory preparation, professional packing and dismantling, loading, customs clearance (at origin and destination), road transport, delivery and assembly. The entire process is coordinated by our specialist team.

Estimated price ranges (2026):

Personal effects customs exemption is subject to change-of-residence conditions. A passport, proof of residence in the destination country and a detailed inventory list are required. Germany international household moving is our busiest route. Insured international household moving service — all your belongings are covered under CMR.

If you are planning to move abroad, see our detailed overseas relocation guide page or request a free survey via WhatsApp.

Collection Organisation from Across Turkey

International freight companies outside Istanbul also provide service. Gökay Transport organises collections from every corner of Turkey.

Ankara-based international freight — city-centre collection and trunk-route transfer service available. Izmir-to-Europe freight operations supported by our Aegean region collection network.

The International Freight Process: Step by Step

How does international freight work? The process from planning your shipment to delivery is completed in 6 steps:

1. Quote Request and Planning: Determine your cargo dimensions, origin, destination and required delivery date. Share the details with a freight company and obtain a quote. Compare LTL and full TIR options.
2. Document Preparation: The commercial invoice, packing list, certificate of origin and any destination-specific documents are prepared. EU routes require an ATR certificate; Caucasus routes require different customs documents. Your customs broker or freight company will provide guidance throughout this process.
3. Loading and Sealing: Your cargo is packed, loaded onto the vehicle and a TIR carnet is opened at the export customs office. The vehicle is sealed and departs. The GPS tracking system is activated from this point.
4. Transit and Customs: In transit countries, customs control is carried out via the seal. The TIR carnet system means no internal inspection is required. Waiting times at border crossings range from 30 minutes to 6 hours depending on the route.
5. Arrival and Delivery: Customs formalities are completed in the destination country and the cargo is handed over to the consignee. The CMR document is signed by both parties. With the door-to-door delivery option, your cargo is unloaded directly at the consignee's warehouse.
6. Documents and Invoicing: After delivery, a copy of the CMR, a duplicate customs declaration and the freight invoice are forwarded to you. The documents required for VAT refund purposes are prepared at this stage.

The TIR System and Border Crossings

The TIR carnet is the document that provides customs guarantees in transit countries for international road transport. Under the TIR Convention, the transport process works as follows:

1. Loading and sealing: A TIR carnet is opened at the export customs office and the vehicle is sealed
2. Transit crossings: Customs control in transit countries is carried out via the seal; no internal inspection is required
3. Destination customs: The TIR carnet is closed and the goods are subject to customs procedures
4. Delivery: The consignment is handed over to the consignee and the CMR document is signed

Key Border Crossings

• Kapıkule (Edirne): Main gateway to Europe. All European routes via Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary
• İpsala (Edirne): Direct crossing to Greece. Thessaloniki 4–6 hours, Athens 10–12 hours
• Sarp (Artvin): Crossing to Georgia. Batumi 30 minutes, Tbilisi 5–6 hours
• Gürbulak (Ağrı): Gateway to Iran and Central Asia

International transport document — the TIR carnet saves time and cost in transit countries.

Key Considerations in International Freight

5 critical points when choosing a reliable international freight company and planning your shipment:

1. Choosing the Right Company

When selecting from international freight companies, check the following criteria: L2 licence (Ministry of Transport approval), CMR insurance coverage, live GPS tracking system, customer references and industry experience. Among road freight companies, firms that meet all these criteria are a reliable indicator.

2. Cargo Insurance

Check the insurance coverage against loss and damage during transport. The standard CMR indemnity limit is restricted (8,33 SDR/kg). For high-value cargo, request All Risks additional cover.

3. Correct Packaging

Improper packaging increases both the risk of damage and insurance costs. Pallet-level stability, moisture and impact protection, and packaging materials suited to the product type must be used.

4. Knowledge of Customs Regulations

Each country has different import rules, tax rates and prohibited goods lists. Declaration errors result in penalties and delays. Using a professional customs clearance service is recommended.

5. Transit Time Planning

Guaranteed-departure schedule — work with companies that offer this. Border congestion, weather conditions and customs processing may affect transit times. Allow a minimum 2–3 day buffer. During public holidays and holiday periods, waiting times at border crossings may increase 2–3 fold; earlier planning is essential during these periods.

6. Researching Freight Companies via WhatsApp

Today, international freight companies communicate largely via WhatsApp. Cargo photos, dimensions and documents can be shared instantly. However, always verify L2 licence and U.NET registration to confirm credentials. Obtain quotes in writing and confirm whether the transport scope includes CMR insurance.

Why Gökay Transport?

International logistics companies and international transport operators — 8 key advantages that set Gökay Transport apart:

• L2 Licence (U.NET Registered): We hold official logistics operator status, approved by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. You can choose us with confidence from among licensed freight companies.
• CMR Insurance: All our road shipments are covered under CMR insurance. Your cargo is protected from the moment of loading until delivery.
• Live GPS Tracking: All our vehicles are equipped with a GPS tracking system. You can monitor the real-time location and estimated arrival time of your cargo 24/7.
• In Service Since 2010: 16 years of experience make us a trusted name in the industry. Our experienced team and operational know-how set us apart.
• Network of 14 Countries: Wide coverage from the Balkans to the Caucasus and from Western Europe to Central Asia. We operate weekly scheduled services on every route.
• Prices from 200 EUR: We offer the most competitive LTL rates in the industry.
• 5-Language Support: Customer service in Turkish, English, Bulgarian, Romanian and Russian.
• Door-to-Door Delivery: Loading, customs clearance, transport and delivery — the entire process managed under one roof. Our own vehicles and our own warehouse ensure full control.

Get a quote now: WhatsApp | Phone: +90 533 302 33 10 | Contact form

Note: Via our international freight WhatsApp line you can get instant pricing and share a photo of your cargo for a rapid assessment.

International Freight Glossary

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How are international freight rates calculated?

International freight rate calculation — cargo volume, weight, route distance, transport mode and Incoterms delivery terms are determined. Seasonal demand, fuel prices and customs procedures also affect the freight charge. For an exact price, share your shipment details and request a free quote.

How many days does international freight take?

By road: Balkans countries 1–4 days, Caucasus 1–3 days, Germany 5–7 days, Italy 4–6 days, Russia 7–10 days. Border congestion and customs clearance may affect transit times. Sea freight 15–45 days, air freight 1–3 days range.

What documents are required for international freight?

Essential international freight documents: by road, CMR consignment note, customs declaration, commercial invoice, packing list and TIR carnet. For EU routes, ATR movement certificate and T1 transit document are added. Food exports require a health certificate; ADR shipments require a dangerous goods declaration. Documents required for overseas freight may vary by industry and destination country.

What is part load and when should it be used?

Part load (LTL) is an economical transport option for cargo that does not fill a full trailer. 1–10 pallets — choosing LTL instead of a full TIR reduces freight costs by 40–60%. With our weekly scheduled services, cargo from different shippers is consolidated onto one vehicle. International cargo costs per unit are lower with the LTL option, though transit time may be 2–3 days longer than a full TIR.

Should I choose a full TIR or part load?

20 pallets and above — full TIR is the economical choice; below that volume, part load is more advantageous. 10–20 pallets — decision should be based on cargo type, urgency and budget. With a full TIR your cargo travels directly on a single vehicle, whereas with part load it is consolidated with other shipments. Full TIR overseas freight rates vary by route. For a detailed comparison, see our full TIR vs LTL guide page.

What is a CMR document?

CMR is the international convention that documents the transport contract for the international road carriage of goods. It serves both as proof of contract and as a cargo delivery receipt. Compensation limit 8.33 SDR per kg (approximately 11 EUR). CMR document is issued in 3 copies: sender, carrier and consignee. International transport document — the most widely used type.

What are Incoterms and how do they affect freight?

Incoterms — standardised rules defining how costs and risks are shared between buyer and seller in international trade. They determine who pays the freight cost, where risk passes and who is responsible for customs formalities. The most commonly used: EXW (Ex Works), FCA (Free Carrier), CPT (Carriage Paid To), DAP (Delivered at Place) and DDP (Delivered Duty Paid). International freight contract — correctly specifying Incoterms prevents disputes between the parties.

Is insurance compulsory in international freight?

Not legally mandatory, but strongly recommended. CMR insurance applies as standard for road transport. For high-value shipments, All Risks cargo insurance provides additional cover. Gökay Transport operates under CMR insurance coverage on all shipments.

What is an L2 licence?

L2 licence — the official authorisation document issued by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure to companies carrying out international and domestic logistics operations. It certifies legal compliance, vehicle fleet requirements and financial adequacy standards. Among international transport licences — L1, L2, C2 and K1 types are available.

Which countries do you provide freight services to?

14 countries with regular road freight services: Balkans route — Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, North Macedonia, Kosovo and Albania; Caucasus route — Georgia and Armenia; Western Europe route — Germany, Italy, France and the Netherlands; plus Russia and Central Asian countries. Weekly scheduled services on every route. Among international cargo companies — very few offer a service network of this breadth.

Do you offer cold chain (refrigerated) transport?

Yes, ATP-certified refrigerated vehicles, -25°C to +25°C temperature-controlled transport. Fresh fruit and vegetables, dairy products, frozen food, pharmaceuticals and chemicals transported safely. Cold chain integrity monitored and reported via GPS temperature logging. Among international refrigerated freight companies — we offer a fully equipped cold chain service.

Should I handle customs clearance myself?

Customs declarations, tax calculation and document verification require specialist expertise. Declaration errors can lead to penalties and serious delays. Professional customs clearance service is strongly recommended. Gökay Transport, with its customs consultancy support, handles declaration preparation, tariff classification and document verification on your behalf. For full details, see our customs procedures guide.

How does customs exemption apply when moving abroad?

Personal effects customs exemption is subject to change-of-residence conditions. Passport, proof of residence in the destination country (residence certificate) and a detailed inventory list are required. Used personal effects are generally exempt from customs duty; new and packaged items may be taxed. For moves to EU countries, 6-month residence requirement may apply. Gökay Transport manages the entire process; for full details, see our overseas relocation guide.

Can collections be arranged from outside Istanbul?

Yes, collections are organised from across Turkey. Ankara, Izmir, Bursa, Mersin, Hatay, Antalya, Gaziantep, Trabzon and other cities — city-centre collection and trunk-route transfer service available. International freight from Izmir — we use our Aegean region collection network. For collections from Anatolian cities, we recommend planning at least 3–5 days in advance.

Is international freight subject to VAT refund?

Yes, international transport VAT — exempt under Article 14 of the VAT Act. Companies receiving freight services for export purposes can reclaim the VAT they have paid. A customs declaration, CMR document and freight invoice are required. International transport VAT refund process generally completed within 1–3 months. We recommend consulting your financial adviser for further details.

How is an international freight company established?

To establish an international freight company, the following steps are taken:

1. Complete registration with the Trade Registry and tax authority
2. Apply to the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure for an L2 licence
3. Meet the minimum 100.000 TL capital and at least 5-vehicle fleet requirement
4. Prepare the financial adequacy certificate
5. U.NET registration and CMR insurance formalities

The process takes an average of 2–3 months. Operating international transport without an L2 licence is prohibited.

Gökay Transport — reliable international freight to 14 countries since 2010. Professional logistics services with L2 licence, CMR insurance and GPS tracking. Among overseas freight companies and international logistics operators — we offer the most comprehensive service.

Let's plan your shipment together: request an instant quote on WhatsApp | Phone: +90 533 302 33 10